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The first self-contained (portable) digital camera was created later in 1975 by Steven Sasson of Eastman Kodak. The JPEG standard was largely responsible for popularizing digital photography. JPEG compresses images down to much smaller file sizes, and has become the most widely used image file format. DCT compression is used in JPEG image standard, which was introduced by the Joint Photographic Experts Group in 1992. It used metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) technology for its image sensor.Īn important development in digital image compression technology was the discrete cosine transform (DCT), a lossy compression technique first proposed by Nasir Ahmed while he was working at the Kansas State University in 1972. The Cromemco Cyclops, a digital camera developed as a commercial product and interfaced to a microcomputer, was featured in the February 1975 issue of Popular Electronics magazine. It was a picture of his wife, Margaret Thompsett. The first published color digital photograph was produced in 1972 by Michael Francis Tompsett using CCD sensor technology and was featured on the cover of Electronics Magazine. This produced a digital image that was stored on tape for later slow transmission back to Earth. It used a video camera tube, followed by a digitizer, rather than a mosaic of solid state sensor elements. While not what we usually define as a digital camera, it used a comparable process. Later, in 1976 the Mars Viking Lander produced digital images from the surface of Mars. The first image of Mars was taken as the Mariner 4 flew by it on July 15, 1965, with a camera system designed by NASA/JPL.
The CCD is a semiconductor circuit that was later used in the first digital video cameras for television broadcasting, and its invention was recognized by a Nobel Prize in Physics in 2009.
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As it was fairly straightforward to fabricate a series of MOS capacitors in a row, they connected a suitable voltage to them so that the charge could be stepped along from one to the next. While researching the MOS process, they realized that an electric charge was the analogy of the magnetic bubble and that it could be stored on a tiny MOS capacitor. The first semiconductor image sensor was the CCD, invented by physicists Willard S. Many mirrorless cameras accept interchangeable lenses and have advanced features through an electronic viewfinder, which replaces the through-the-lens finder image of the SLR format.įirst Digital Image ever created by Russell Kirsch. Since 2010, the digital point-and-shoot and DSLR formats have also seen competition from the mirrorless digital camera format, which typically provides better image quality than the point-and-shoot or cell phone formats but comes in a smaller size and shape than the typical DSLR. Starting around 2000, digital cameras were incorporated in cell phones and in the following years, cell phone cameras became widespread, particularly due to their connectivity to social media websites and email.
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Professionals gravitated to digital slowly, and were won over when their professional work required using digital files to fulfill the demands of employers and/or clients, for faster turn-around than conventional methods would allow. The first consumer digital cameras were marketed in the late 1990s. Digital photographs are typically created solely by computer-based photoelectric and mechanical techniques, without wet bath chemical processing. Until the advent of such technology, photographs were made by exposing light sensitive photographic film and paper, which was processed in liquid chemical solutions to develop and stabilize the image. They are combined with other digital images obtained from scanography and other methods that are often used in digital art or media art. The captured images are digitized and stored as a computer file ready for further digital processing, viewing, electronic publishing, or digital printing.
Digital photography uses cameras containing arrays of electronic photodetectors to produce images focused by a lens, as opposed to an exposure on photographic film.
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